Жоржета Чолакова

This research is concentrated on the poem The lake sleeps (Спи езерото) with a view to two main questions: when and why did the image of lake in the European poetry begin to be different from the common background of water and how explain his sudden appearance in P. Slaveykov's lyrics. The first question is answered by studying in its antique, biblical and literary interpretation until the end of the 19 th century. The essay finds out that the lake gets his poetic emancipation during the romantic period. Special attention is paid to poets admired by Slaveykov like Goethe, Heine, Shelley, Southey. The research finds answer to the second question in the Vrchlicky's poetry, in particular in his poems included in the Vrchlicky's book of poetry From the gulfs (Z hlubin, 1875) : Near the lake (U jezera) and Over the lake (Nad jezerem). The genealogy of The lake sleeps (Спи езерото) explains some of the intertextual features of the early Bulgarian modernism revealing in P. Slaveykov's poetry.

The book “Inter armа. The Premonition of War in Czech Culture (1935–1939)” contains texts representative of both Czech culture and the dominant attitudes in European cultural space, chronologically framed by the Spanish Civil War and the eve of the Second World War. The compiler of the collection, author of the preface, and translator of most of the texts is Dobromir Grigorov. The selected literary testimonies – journalistic essays, poetry, fiction, and drama – contain important intellectual insights, ideological messages, and pose common contemporary questions about the changing interpretations of concepts such as socialism and democracy, and their divergent interpretations. A significant focus in a number of texts is the clash between the individual right to freedom and justice on the one hand, and collective identity on the other. Some of the authors such as Karel Čapek, Vladislav Vančura, and František Halas are well-known to Bulgarian readers, but others are almost or completely unknown – Gustav Winter, Emanuel Vajtauer, Otokar Fišer, Milena Jesenská.